arbuscular mycorrhizae การใช้

• Molecular techniques have been used to understand the signaling pathways between arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant roots.
• This implies that arbuscular mycorrhizae are able to balance below-ground intra and interspecific plant interactions.
• In some cases, arbuscular mycorrhizae are poor symbionts, providing little phosphorus while taking relatively high amounts of carbon.
• The two genera of Medeoleae are distinguished by having rhizomes instead of bulbs and berries instead of capsules, and a very unusual form of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae.
• In healthy soil, a naturally occurring fungi called vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ( VAM, for short ), colonize the cells of a plant's feeder roots.
• The ability of " H . non-scripta " to take up phosphorus from the soil is greatly enhanced by the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae in its roots.
• Members of the Glomeromycota form arbuscular mycorrhizae, a form of mutualist symbiosis wherein fungal hyphae invade plant root cells and both species benefit from the resulting increased supply of nutrients.
• "' Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi "'( AMF ) penetrate the walls of cortical cells of about 80 % of all vascular plant families, generating a symbiotic relationship.
• Management of AM fungi is especially important for organic and low-input agriculture systems where soil phosphorus is, in general, low, although all agroecosystems can benefit by promoting arbuscular mycorrhizae establishment.
• Gerdemann and his colleagues had shown the importance of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in helping nutrients uptake such as sulfur, calcium and phosphate by onions roots ( Rhodes and Gerdemann, 1978 " " ).
• PGPR and arbuscular mycorrhizae in combination can be useful in increasing wheat growth in nutrient poor soil ( Singh & Kapoor, 1999 ) and improving nitrogen-extraction from fertilised soils ( Galal " et al . ", 2003 ).
• Two pathways have been proposed; they may either degrade fungal biomass, particularly the fungal hyphae which penetrate plant cells in a similar manner to in arbuscular mycorrhizae, or absorb sugars from the fungi by disrupting their cell membranes, through mass flow.
• In 1980, Hirrel and Gerdemann demonstrated the importance of the association of the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi " Glomus fasciculatus " or " Gigaspora margarita with bell peppers and onion to overcome the aggressiveness of saline soil over this vegetables production.
• In undisturbed soil under many trees, perennials and some vegetables lurks a mostly unknown but beneficial fungus called vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae _ VAM, for short _ which can sometimes be spotted because of its above-ground fruiting bodies, including Boletus, Amanita, Lactarius mushrooms and some types of puffballs.
• :In the article there's several pictures that show a variety of fungal cell types : 1 ) a chytrid cell in the taxobox; 2 ) light microscopy of fungal hyphae growing in " A . thaiana "; 3 ) phase contrast microscopy of " Morchella elata " asci 4 ) microscopic view of arbuscular mycorrhizae 5 ) microscopic view of hyphae of the endophytic fungus " Neotyphodium coenophialum " 6 ) DIC microscopy of S . cerevisiae.